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Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy
This course aims to introduce various types of spectra for hydrogen, alkali and alkaline earth atoms. It also gives an introduction to X-ray spectra. Techniques of Molecular spectroscopy are also discussed in this paper, which include IR and Raman spectra. After learning this course student develops capabilities of making spectroscopic analysis of materials and draw conclusions from the same regarding nature of material.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course |
Learning outcome (at course level) |
Learning andteaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
Paper Title |
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PHY 601 |
Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Theory)
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The students will be able to –
CO80: Explain different types of spectra.
CO81: Discuss Hydrogen, Alkali metals and alkali metal atom spectra .
CO82: Describe Stern- Gerlach experiment, spectral terms and their notations.
CO83: Explain X-Ray spectra and Applications of Moseley’s law.
CO84: Gain knowledge of the salient features of IR spectra and its experimental arrangements.
CO85: Apply the results of Raman spectra to determine the structure of molecules. |
Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Power point presentation, Problem Solving in tutorials Learning activities for the students: Self learning assignments, Effective questions, Seminar presentation, Solving numericals |
Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems, Assignments, Presentations |
Types of spectra, spectrum of Hydrogen atom, spectral lines, the spinning electron, space quantization, quantum numbers and their physical interpretation, quantum numbers for complete atom, magnetic moments of an atom and Landes ‘g’ factor, Larmor’s theorem, Stern and Gerlach experiment, fine structure of the Hydrogen lines, spectral terms and their notation.
Different series in alkali spectra, Ritz combination formula, spin orbit interaction, explanation of salient features of alkali spectra, doublet structure in alkali spectra (fine structure), Transition rules, intensity rules, spectra of alkaline earth metals, coupling schemes: L.S and j-j coupling, selection rules in atoms of two valence electrons, singlet and triplet series, spectrum of Helium atom.
Continuous x-ray spectrum, characteristic emission and absorption spectrum and their explanation, energy levels, Moseley’s law, combination principle, fine structure of x-ray lines, fluorescence yield and Auger effect, soft x-ray emission and structure of absorption edges.
Salient features of vibrational rotational spectra, vibrating diatomic molecules as a harmonic oscillator, fine structure of vibrational rotational bands, interaction of vibrational and rotational energies, experimental arrangements for studying IR spectra.
Raman effect and its salient features, Observation of Raman spectra, classical theory of Raman effect, quantum theory of Raman effect, probability of energy transition in Raman effect, vibrational Raman spectra, Pure rotational Raman spectra, structure determination from Raman and infra red spectroscopy.
1.“Elements of Spectroscopy”, Gupta, Kumar, Sharma, Pragati Prakashan, 2006.
2.“Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy”, Collin N. Banwell and Elaine M. McCash, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi, 2005.
Suggested Readings
- “Introduction to Atomic Physics”, Enge, Wehr and Richards, Addison Wiesley, London.
- “Atomic and Nuclear Physics”, A.B. Gupta, New Central book agency Pvt. Ltd.
- “Atomic Spectra and Atomic structure”, Gerhard Herzberg , Kreiger Pub.Co.,Second Edition.
- “Molecular Spectra and Molecular structure: Spectra of diatomic Molecules”, Gerhard Herzberg, Dover Publications.
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