Types of spectra, spectrum of Hydrogen atom, spectral lines, the spinning electron, space quantization, quantum numbers and their physical interpretation, quantum numbers for complete atom, magnetic moments of an atom and Landes ‘g’ factor, Larmor’s theorem, Stern and Gerlach experiment, fine structure of the Hydrogen lines, spectral terms and their notation.

Different series in alkali spectra, Ritz combination formula, spin orbit interaction, explanation of salient features of alkali spectra, doublet structure in alkali spectra (fine structure), Transition rules, intensity rules, spectra of alkaline earth metals, coupling schemes: L.S and j-j coupling, selection rules in atoms of two valence electrons, singlet and triplet series, spectrum of Helium atom.

Continuous x-ray spectrum, characteristic emission and absorption spectrum and their explanation, energy levels, Moseley’s law, combination principle, fine structure of x-ray lines, fluorescence yield and Auger effect, soft x-ray emission and structure of absorption edges.

Salient features of vibrational rotational spectra, vibrating diatomic molecules as a harmonic oscillator, fine structure of vibrational rotational bands, interaction of vibrational and rotational energies, experimental arrangements for studying IR spectra.

Raman effect and its salient features, Observation of Raman spectra, classical theory of Raman effect, quantum theory of Raman effect, probability of energy transition in Raman effect, vibrational Raman spectra, Pure rotational Raman spectra, structure determination from Raman and infra red spectroscopy.