Nature and characteristics of sound, Production of speech, Physics of the ear, ear defects and their corrections.
Optical system of the body: Physics of the eye. Eye defects and their correction
Ultrasonic imaging system- principles of ultra sound imaging system, biological effects of ultrasound,haemodialysis machine, portable kidney machine, anaesthesia machine, ventilators.
Electrocardiograph (ECG), Electroencephalograph (EEG),Electromyography (EMG), cardiac monitor,cardiac pacemakers measurement of heart rate, measurement of pulse rate, measurement of blood pressure, blood flow meter, measurement of temperature, blood gas analysers,blood cell counters, oximetry, audiometers and hearing aids.
Radiotherapy and Telemedicine
LASER- principles of operation, use, types and LASER safety,
Radiotherapy- principles, dosage data for clinical applications, Gamma Camera, Positron Emission Tomography, Cobalt-60 machine, Therapeutic application of radio isotopes, application of UV radiation for treatments, biological effects of radiation and ultrasound.
Principles of radiation protection. Biological effects of radiation, Radiation monitors, Steps to reduce radiation public. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) principles, justification, optimization, limitation, introduction of safety and risk management of radiation. Nuclear waste and disposal management.