Bio Physics (Theory)

Paper Code: 
25CPHY212
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Course Objectives: 
This course will enable the students to-
• get knowledge of the operation and principles used in the systems and procedures associated with the clinical track. 
• Acquire the knowledge of radiation and radioactivity, its properties, units of measure, dosimetry measurement concepts and methods, safe limits of radiation exposure and precautions to work with e.m. radiation and nuclear radiation etc.  
Course Outcomes: 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcome (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

 

 

 

25CPHY212

Bio-Physics

(Theory)

 

CO27: Understand the working of various diagnostic tools, medical imaging techniques and therapeutic applications.

 

CO28: Apply knowledge of lasers in medical physics

 

CO29: Study diagnostic and therapeutic applications like the X-ray technology and magnetic resonance imaging

.

CO30: Know about the units of radiations and their safety limits, the devises to detect and measure radiation, such as the Geiger-Mueller counter and scintillation counter.

CO31:  Gain functional knowledge regarding need for radiological protection and the sources of an approximate level of radiation exposure for treatment purposes.

CO32: Contribute effectively in Course specific interaction.

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments, Demonstration, Power point presentations, Problem solving in tutorials, visit to a medical college/university.

 

Learning activities for the students:

Self learning assignments, Effective questions, Seminar presentation.

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems , Assignments.

 

12.00
Unit I: 
Modern medical imaging systems and therapeutic equipment:
Ultrasonic imaging system- principles of ultrasound imaging system, biological effects of ultrasound, haemodialysis machine, portable kidney machine, anaesthesia machine, ventilators.
Biomedical recorders and patient monitoring systems: Electrocardiograph (ECG), Electroencephalograph (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), cardiac monitor, cardiac pacemakers measurement of heart rate, measurement of pulse rate, measurement of blood pressure, blood flow meter, measurement of temperature,  oximetry, audiometers and hearing aids.
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Laser applications in biomedical field:

Radiotherapy and telemedicine, LASER- principles of operation, use, types and LASER safety, Radiotherapy- principles, dosage data for clinical applications, Gamma Camera, Positron Emission Tomography, Cobalt-60 machine, Therapeutic application of radioisotopes, application of UV radiation for treatments, biological effects of radiation and ultrasound.

12.00
Unit III: 
X-Rays:

Electromagnetic spectrum. Production and Properties of X-rays, harmful effects of X-rays. X-Ray Imaging, Construction, function and operation of compute and digital radiographic systems. X-ray tube and x-ray beam. Image receptors for computed and digital radiography. Scatter rejection. Contrast media – iodine, barium and air. Dual-energy radiography. Film screen radiography, Mammography, Radiographic tomography and tomosynthesis.

12.00
Unit IV: 
NMR and Microscopy:

Principles of NMR imaging systems, biological effect of NMR imaging, advantages of NMR imaging system, cryo-electron microscopy; High-resolution light microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Single-molecule manipulation. 

12.00
Unit V: 
Radiation Safety Management:
Principles of radiation protection, Biological effects of radiation, Radiation monitors, Steps to reduce radiation public. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) principles, justification, optimization, limitation, introduction of safety and risk management of radiation, Nuclear waste and disposal management.
 
Essential Readings: 
• Medical Physics – J. R. Cameron & J. G. Skofronick.
• Basis Radiological Physics – Dr. K. Thayalam.
• Christenson’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology : Curry, Dowday&Murry.
• Physics of Human body – Irering P. Herman.
 
 
References: 
Suggested Readings:
• Physics of Radiation Therapy – F M Kahn
• Essential Physics of Medical Imaging
• C. H. Best and N. B. Taylor, A Test in Applied Physiology, Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1999. 
• C. K. Warrick, Anatomy and Physiology for Radiographers, Oxford University Press, 2001.
 
E-Content:
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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