Chemistry of Materials

Atomic Structure-Schrodinger wave equation, significance of Wavefunction, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals, Aufbau and Pauli principles, Hund’s multiplicity rule, exchange energy, pairing energy, symmetrical distribution of charge, extra stability of half-filled and completely-field orbitals, electronic configurations, effective nuclear charge, shielding effect, Slater’s rules for evaluation of shielding constant.

Ionic Bonding:  Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - Its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic  molecules, concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications. 

Different methods for expressing concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s Law Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.

Introduction to chemical kinetics, measurement of reaction rate, integration and determination of rate laws, rate constant, unit of rate constant for zero order, first order and second order reactions, order of reaction, molecularity of reaction, difference between order and molecularity of reaction, chemical kinetics and its scope, factors influencing the rate of a reaction-concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst; concentration dependence of rates.

Phase Equilibrium-Introduction, terminology: - phase, component, degree of freedom or variance; phase diagram of one-component system: -water system, sulphur system, CO2 system, phase rule for two-components system: - Pb-Ag system and its applications, reduced phase rule, eutectic point.