MEDICAL PHYSICS

Paper Code: 
PHY 227
Credits: 
2
Contact Hours: 
30.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

This course will enable the students to –

  1. To  provide knowledge of the operation and principles used in the systems and procedures associated with the clinical track.
  2. To acquaint the students with  nuclear  radiation and radioactivity, its properties, units of measure, dosimetry measurement concepts and methods .
  3. To develop an understanding of  the biological effects of radiation  and its application for radiation safety and for radiation treatment.
  4. To prepare students to take further studies in Bio-Physics or take up interdisciplinary research  and make them suitable for handling various medical diagnostic instruments based on principles of Physics.

Course outcomes (COs):

                     Course

Learning outcome (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Paper Code

Paper Title

PHY 227

Medical Physics

(Theory)

The students will be able to –

CO 77: Gain a broad knowledge of therapeutic applications like the ultrasound, color Doppler, computed tomography, conventional radiography, digital radiography, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging.

 

CO 78: Gain a fundamental understanding of X-ray technology while developing particular expertise in medical applications.

 

CO 79: Imparts functional knowledge of radiation dosimeter, regarding need for radiological protection and the sources of an approximate level of radiation exposure for treatment purposes.

 

CO 80: Learn about the human body, its anatomy and biological effects of radiations on human body.

 

CO 81: Gain knowledge with reference to radiation safety and how it is used as a therapeutic technique and radiation safety practices

Approach in teaching:

Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, , Demonstration, Problem Solvingin tutorials, Visit to a medical college/ university

 

 

 

 

 

Learning activities for the students:

Self learning assignments, Effective questions,  Seminar presentation, Solving numerical,

Additional learning through online videos

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems s, Assignments, Presentations

 

6.00
Unit I: 
I
Recent advances in imaging technology: Basic principle of Ultrasound, colour Doppler, Computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-: Principle, application, its advantage over computed tomography or ultra sonography . Conventional  radiography, Digital Radiography, Mammography.
 
6.00
Unit II: 
II
X-Rays :  Production of X-rays: X-ray tube, anode, cathode construction and working principles of transformers and autotransformers used in x-ray circuits, voltage rectification and measurements in x-ray circuits. Physics of x-ray production ( Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic x-rays).
 
6.00
Unit III: 
III
Radiation Dosimetry: Characteristic curve of gas filled detectors. Regions of the characteristic curve. Construction of gas filled detectors and their working. Scintillation counter, semiconductor detector, alpha particle monitoring, Gamma and x-ray monitoring, neutron monitoring devices. Measurement of absorbed dose  using calorimetry, chemical dosimetry solid state methods, TLD & film dosimetry.  
 
6.00
Unit IV: 
IV
Biological effects of radiation: Direct and indirect action of radiation, cell cycle effect, somatic and genetic effects . Effects on tissues and organs: Stochastic and non-stochastic (deterministic) effects, acute effects, late effects, effects of radiation on Embryo & fetus: lethal effects, organ malformation, growth impairment, mental retardation, cancer induction, genetic effects, Late (delayed) effects: cataract formation, organ function, cancer induction.
 
6.00
Unit V: 
V
Radiation Safety: Radiation protection quantities and units: exposure, absorbed dose, KERMA, dose equivalent (H). Committed dose equivalent (HT), effective dose equivalent (HE), Equivalent dose ((HTR), effective dose (E).Sources of radiation exposure: Natural sources and human made sources. Standards and regulations, philosophies of exposure limit , occupational limits, non-occupational limits. Radiation  protection procedures for patients and personnel. Advisory groups & regulatory agencies - ICRP, NCRP,UNSCEAR, AERB.
 
 

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

  • Medical Physics – J. R. Cameron & J. G. Skofronick.
  • Basis Radiological Physics – Dr. K. Thayalam.
  • Christenson’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology : Curry, Dowday & Murry.
  • Physics of Human body – Irering P. Herman
  • Pysics of Radiation Therapy – F M Kahn
  • Essential Physics of Medical Imaging

 

References: 
 
 
 
 
Academic Year: 
2020-2021
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