Electromagnetism and Electronics

Partial derivatives, Gradient of a scalar function, Divergence and Curl of a vector field, Physical significance of divergence & curl and their expressions in Cartesian coordinates, Gauss divergence theorem, Stokes curl theorem, Laplacian operator, Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation. 

Magnetic forces, Invariance of charge, Electric field measured in different frames of reference, Field of a point charge moving with constant velocity, Interaction between a moving charge and other moving charges.

Ampere’s law in differential form, Magnetic Vector Potential, Poisson’s equation for vector potential, magnetic field due to a current carrying wire and deduction of Biot-Savart’s law.

Electric current due to an orbiting electron, Bohr Magneton, Orbital gyromagnetic ratio, Electron spin and spin magnetic moment, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic field caused by magnetized matter, Magnetization current, Free current its H field.  Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, its integral and differential form, Maxwell’s equations in differential and integral form.

Open and short circuits, Impedance, Admittance and Hybrid parameters of any four-terminal network, Kirchhoff’s laws, Mesh and Node analysis.

Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Maximum power transformer theorem and Reciprocity theorem. 

Electrons- free and valence. Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors- definition & energy band diagrams. Properties of semiconductors. Meaning of Hole current, electron-hole pairs, recombination, doping, acceptor and donor impurities. Intrinsic and Extrinsic, N and P-type semiconductors. Diode- formation, depletion region, Varistor and Thermistor- working and applications.